Ep0665283a2 integrated process for upgrading middle. Refiners are therefore taking more steps to convert heavy oils into lighter distillates. Hydrocracked distillate this is a highquality diesel blendstock high cetane and low sulfur. An integrated middle distillate upgrading process and unit are disclosed. The image on the following page is a schematic flow diagram of a typical oil. Mynah technologies, chesterfield, mo abstract the paper presents a case study on development and implementation of the operator training system for a greenfield hydrocracker unit at a large north american refinery. Hydrocracker unit process hcu diesel hydrotreating. A hydrocracking unit, or hydrocracker, takes gas oil, which is heavier and has a higher boiling range than distillate fuel oil, and cracks the heavy molecules into distillate and gasoline in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst. Heavier crudes contain higher proportions of large molecules, which the refinery can either 1 use in heavy industrial fuels, asphalt, and other heavy. The need to provide technically advanced solutions and cost. This yields a high volume of highquality diesel and kerosene product.
The uop distillate unionfining process improves the quality of distillate boiling range feedstocks kerosene, jet fuel, and diesel oils to meet. Hydrocracking requires the conversion of a variety of types of molecules and is characterized by the fact that the products are of significantly lower molecular weight than. The hydrocracker simulation model has the following main equipment. Sep 17, 2017 the hydrocracking process in a typical hydrocracker unit and a diesel hydrotreating unit is intricately covered with animation in the training module. Identify hydrotreating process variables refinery operations. Hydrocracking of heavy oils and residua is increasingly import to refiners due to increased global production of heavy and extra heavy crude oils coupled with increased demand worldwide for low sulfur middle distillates and residual fuel oils. Exact process conditions vary widely, depending on the feedstock properties and the products desired. The present invention provides an improved fluidized catalytic cracking process coupled with a two stage regeneration process in which the activity of the circulating catalyst is independently controlled for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks or the vapors at low severity to produce maximum light cycle oildistillate in one riser whilst cracking recycle streams comprising heavy cycle oil hco. This stream joins the incoming fresh feed, which has been heated in the feed furnace. Process flow schemes for hydrotreating and hydrocracking are similar. Middle distillate products are marketed as kerosene, jet fuel, diesel fuel and fuel oils.
To take full advantage of hydrocracking, the process must be integrated in the refinery with other process units. A unit process flow diagram serves as the basis for the simulation flowsheet. Middle distillate selective hydrocracking process chevron u. The process takes place in a hydrogenrich atmosphere at elevated temperatures 500800 f, 260425 c and pressures 35200 bars.
Catalysts for maximising middle distillate production in single stage and two stage units traditionally, hydrocracking process configurations are classified by four basic process schemes. The hydrocracking process according to claim 1 further comprising recovering a middle distillate product. The hydrocracking process in a typical hydrocracker unit and a diesel hydrotreating unit is intricately covered with animation in the training module. Us20889a1 process for maximum distillate production. This is in contrast to the fcc, which uses the same feed vgo but produces more and betterquality gasoline the hydrocracker is particularly valuable in a refinery. We offer multiple unicracking process flow schemes to meet individual refinery needs providing you with a customized, singlestage or twostage process design to meet your specific objectives. In commercial hydrocrackers, a conversion of 4080% of the feed can be achieved. Annual technical progress report for 1975, including the quarter ending january 31, 1976. Figure 2 twostage unicracking process flow schemes. Optimising middle distillate production in a hydrocracker. Even unconverted oil from your hydrocracker can serve as a highquality feedstock for lube oil plants, fluid catalytic cracking fcc units or steam crackers. Hydrocracker unit process hcu diesel hydrotreating unit.
Hydrocracking is an important source of diesel and jet fuel today in. Fractionator process overview demand for gasoline and diesel is increasing, while the demand for heavy oils, such as fuel oil, is declining. The present invention provides an improved fluidized catalytic cracking process coupled with a two stage regeneration process in which the activity of the circulating catalyst is independently controlled for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks or the vapors at low severity to produce maximum light cycle oil distillate in one riser whilst cracking recycle streams comprising heavy cycle oil hco. Refinery process flow diagrams 5 process flow diagrams refinery conversion process typical distillation unit process desciptions one of the other feedstocks to a refinery is hydrogen, which can be used in a hydrotreater, isomerization, fcc, reformer, and a complex, capitalintensive unit. Honeywell process control solutions distillate dewaxing and lube base oil production crystaphase cattrap uop 7432d3 uop uniflex process. A two stage hydrocracking process can employ either one or more reactors in the first stage and typically one reactor in the second stage. Rotating equipment pumps, compressors, motors, air fans, etc. The hydrocracking process according to claim 1 wherein the catalyst particles in the first catalyst layer comprise a ytype zeolite having a unit cell size in the range of from about 24.
The upgraded product is then finished in a fractionation stage sidestripper column. Moreover, nimoitq2 catalysts presented a selectivity to middle distillates. Hydrocarbonengineering chevron technology marketing. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils refineries are very large industrial complexes that involve many different processing units. A hydrocracker can produce a wide range of products depending upon what feed it processes and how it is designed and operated. As a result, the catalyst deactivation rate increases indirectly, and middle distillate yield decreases slightly. Feb 09, 2012 for example, if the operation of the hydrocracker is set up to preferentially yield middle distillate products e. Abstract process economics program report 211a hydrocracking. The hydrocracker upgrades lowquality heavy gas oils from the atmospheric or vacuum distillation tower, the fluid. Zinc halide hydrocracking process for distillate fuels from coal. In a refinery, the hydrocracker upgrades vgo through cracking while injecting hydrogen. Optimization study in hydrocracker unit using simulation model. An example process flow diagram is shown with material and energy balance for plant capacity 1mmtpa. Hydrocracker unit reliability is essential to ensure refinery production.
Flow diagram of typical refinery the image on the following page is a schematic flow diagram of a typical oil refinery that depicts the various unit processes and the flow of intermediate. At the top of the reactor, catalyst is disengaged from the process fluids, which are. Mar 27, 2018 sulfur content in diesel fuel is reduced by hydrodesulfurization process. Sulfur content in diesel fuel is reduced by hydrodesulfurization process. The image below is a schematic flow diagram of a typical petroleum refinery that depicts the various refining processes and the flow of intermediate product streams that occurs between the inlet crude oil feedstock and the final endproducts. Maximize distilate yeilds hydrocracking altrernative honeywell uop. Figure 1 twostage unicracking process flow schemes.
Refineries use hydrocrackers to move from max diesel and distillate fuels in the winter to max gasoline and jet fuel in the summer. Hydrocracking is a versatile catalytic refining process that upgrades petroleum feedstocks by adding hydrogen, removing impurities, and cracking to a desired boiling range. Honeywell process solutions flexible offerings to meet refiners processing and financial objectives focus on innovation to improve hydroprocessing performance and reduce capital and operating costs uop can evaluate the product slate, capital expense and operating expense of the overall complex to provide the highest value solution. However if high conversion is required the product from the bottom of the distillation tower is recycled back to the reactor for complete conversion. Poorly performing control valves negatively impact process unit operations and reduce the benefits of apc. Diesel hydro desulphurisation process flow diagram youtube. Overview hydrotreating processes aim at the removal of impurities such as sulfur and nitrogen from distillate fuels naphtha, kerosene, and diesel by treating the feed with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst. The singlestage flow scheme involves full conversion through recycling. Refineries have a group of processes at various stages of the process flow diagram called hydrotreaters. Visbreaker gas oil blend stocks for diesel, fuel oil naphtha, middle distillates. Fcc and the hydrocracking units for producing various forms of gasoline.
A hydrotreatment reactor may be added before the first hydrocracker to help in removing sulphur and nitrogen compounds from the feed. Evaluate different flow schemes for hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes manipulated process design and operation variables for better h2conversion performances master experiences of chemistrykinetics, function of catalysts, clean production, environmental issues. Uop is the world leading provider of distillate hydrotreating technology with more than 300 units licensed since the 1950s, including more than 50 units licensed in the last six years. A middle distillate sidestream of a conventional single stage hydrocracking process is circulated to a hydrotreating stage such as an aromatics saturation reactor andor a catalytic dewaxing reactor to effect middle distillate upgrade. Hydrocracking processes distillate hydrocracking is a refining process for conversion of heavy gas oils and heavy diesels or similar boilingrange heavy distillates into light distillates naphtha, kerosene, diesel, etc. Typical distillate blending at a single cdu refinery for a refinery that has low diesel component tank storage capacity and is mostly rundown, typically blend planning is indicative and not as detailed as is seen in gasoline. The typical uniflex process flow scheme is shown in figure 4. However, if middle distillate, kerosene, diesel and jet fuel are to be. The recycle rate is the ratio of volume of hydrogen at 1 atm and 15c to the volume of fresh liquid feed at 15c. Process and catalyst innovations in hydrocracking to maximize.
Hydrocracking is a catalytic chemical process used in petroleum refineries for converting the highboiling hydrocarbons in petroleum to lowboiling products such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel and diesel oil. However, pressures usually range between 35 and 219 kgcm2 500 and 3000 lbin2 gage and temperatures between 280 and 475c 536 and 887f. The cracking processes change the molecular structure of the substance and literally cracks off different chemical compounds to form different. Process and catalyst innovations in hydrocracking to. Refinery process modeling, a practical guide to steady state modeling of petroleum processes, 1sted. There are several unicracking process flow schemes presently offered to. Hydrotreating and hydrocracking process technology. The process consists of causing feed to react with. As feeds become more difficult and process severity increases, the need for a more active catalyst to replace icr 142 became apparent. Hydrocracking can significantly improve refining margins by upgrading lowvalue. The hydrocracker upgrades lowquality heavy gas oils from. A hydrocracking unit, or hydrocracker, takes gas oil, which is heavier and has a higher boiling range than distillate fuel oil, and cracks the heavy.
Optimized flow scheme for recovery of hydrogen from hydrocracker purge streams. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. However, if middle distillate, kerosene, diesel and jet fuel are to be maximized, a high hydrogenationacidity ratio is used. At the same time the secondstage hydrocracking severity is optimized so that maximum distillate selectivity is obtained from the secondstage of hydrocracking. Hydrocracking is an extremely versatile process that can be utilized in many different ways, and one of the advantages of hydrocracking is its ability to break down highboiling aromatic stocks produced by catalytic cracking or coking. In an hds process, the hydrogen separated in a highpressure hp separator drum is recycled to the reactor via a recycle compressor and furnace. The two stage hydrocracking process is a more versatile configuration. Zinc halide hydrocracking process for distillate fuels. Jul 20, 1999 the hydrocracking process according to claim 1 further comprising recovering a middle distillate product. Uop also realizes that the need for both high conversion and high distillate yields requires the.
1529 1049 1456 867 730 1063 409 21 279 769 182 604 663 888 1446 925 1221 924 980 1130 777 1618 1088 962 193 1253 937 1039 226 289 1490 1292 854 1356 1378 304 876 1158 607 693 1357